Experimental & simulation results
Evaluations were carried out in Mininet-WiFi (emulation) and MATLAB (simulation), with ns-3 used to select a TCP benchmark. Reported results indicate that A³L-FEC reduces age violations relative to TCP-BBR and ACP+, while keeping packet delay close to the network's propagation delay.
Placeholder data. The charts below use illustrative placeholder values structured to match the figures in the papers. Replace the arrays in assets/data/results.js with your exact measured values — the charts update automatically. Claims here are intentionally careful ("reported results indicate").
A³L-FEC-VSVB vs TCP-BBR
Age violation probability versus block length (chunk number) under two age-violation thresholds. Lower is better.
Age violation — AVT = 600 ms
Age violation — AVT = 150 ms
Freshness and latency behaviour
Average Age of Information and average packet delay. A³L-FEC's fire-and-forget UDP design keeps delay near the propagation delay.
Average AoI
Average packet delay
Effect of coding rate & chunk number
Redundancy improves decoding reliability but adds load and queuing delay — so there is an optimal coding rate. More chunks per sample also raise age violation as block length grows.
Effect of coding rate
Chunk number & threshold
Comparison with related protocols
A³L-FEC-FSFB versus ACP+ in MATLAB, and the average AoI of TCP variants in ns-3 that motivated BBR as the emulation benchmark.
A³L-FEC-FSFB vs ACP+
TCP variants — average AoI
Evaluation setup
- MATLAB simulation
- Deterministic FCFS bottleneck, buffer 5000 chunks, monitoring intervals of 10² slots, runs of 10⁵ slots, 50 repetitions; loss varied over {0, 0.1, 0.2}.
- Mininet-WiFi emulation
- Source, sink and four switches; bottleneck 1 Mbps with a 1000-packet buffer; 30 ms forward delay, zero-delay feedback path, 5% loss on the bottleneck; C++ UDP client/server.
- ns-3 benchmark
- One source, two routers, one sink; 10 Mbps bottleneck with DropTail; used to rank TCP variants by AoI (BBR best).
Placeholders for future assets
Slots reserved so you can drop in final material later without redesign.